70 Most Commonly Used Advanced Vocabulary for IELTS Reading

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Day 1

1. ENDORSEMENT: a form of public support or approval.
synonyms: approval, authorization, ratification
example: Many retired athletes makes money by doing product endorsements.
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2. COHERENT: Logical and well organized easy to understand.
synonyms: Fathomable, eloquent, understandable
example: The party's policies were based on prejudice rather than on any coherent ideology.
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3. HIERARCHY: Organizing people according to status
synonyms: ranking, class system, grouping
example: Women are not able to penetrate the male-dominated hierarchy of large corporations.
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4. INDIGENOUS: Originating naturally in a particular place.
synonyms: native, primordial, original
example: The indigenous tribe would be awarded huge grants to preserve its unique culture.
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5. PARADIGM: A standard model of something.
synonyms: standard, prototype, model
example: After the terrorist attack, the government created a new paradigm of domestic security.
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6. REDUNDANCY: Situation where worker is no longer needed.
synonyms: surplus, additional, oversupply
example: The restructuring of the company is expected to result in the redundancy of hundreds of workers.
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7. ANALOGY: A comparison between one thing with another.
synonyms: similarity, resemblance, likeness
example: There is an analogy between the way water moves in waves and the way light travels.
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8. COMPENSATE: Give something, typically money, in recognition of loss.
synonyms: remunerate, pay back, reimburse
example: They received a large sum of money to compensate for the damage to their property.
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9. CONSENSUS: Agreement among all the people involved.
synonyms: accord, agreement, harmony, like-minded
example: There is a general consensus among political leaders in favor of economic reform.
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10. DWINDLING: Gradually diminishing in size, amount or strength.
synonyms: diminishing, declining, lessening
example: The dwindling supplies of natural resources are frequently discussed in newspaper articles.
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11. GROUNDBREAKING: Introducing new ideas or methods.
synonyms: innovative, pioneering, revolutionary
example: We had the opportunity to learn about social research and to aid a groundbreaking study.
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12. INTRINSIC: Essential quality or features.
synonyms: inherent, underlying, fundamental
example: Education has an intrinsic worth, as well as helping you achieve your goals.
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13. PREDOMINANT: Present as the strongest or main element.
synonyms: foremost, leading, paramount
example: Flying continues to be the predominant means of travel despite increased airfares.
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14. REPERCUSSION: A bad consequence of an action.
synonyms: side effect, reaction, aftermath
example: Any decrease in tourism could have repercussions for the local economy.
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15. SPECULATION: Guess about the possible causes.
synonyms: conjecture, assumptions, supposition
example: The news reports were written based on speculation and contained few proven facts.
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16. CONDEMN: Express disapproval of.
synonyms: criticize, denounce, reproach
example: The school condemn cheating, and any student caught cheating will be expelled.
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17. DEFINITIVE: Most reliable, or complete.
synonyms: decisive, conclusive, unequivocal
example: The DNA result will provide investigators with definitive proof of suspect's identity.
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18. FUNDAMENTAL: Forming a necessary base or core.
synonyms: essential, rudimentary, underlying
example: We need to make fundamental changes to the way in which we treat our environment.
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19. PROFOUND: Having intellectual(mental power) depth and insight.
synonyms: insightful, thoughtful, perceptive
example: His mother's death when he was aged six had a very profound effect on him.
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20. SAFEGUARD: Protect from harm or damage.
synonyms: defense, shield, protection
example: Nowadays, many people have taken second jobs as a safeguard against unemployment.
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21. CONSECUTIVE: Following each other continuously.
synonyms: succeeding, sequential, progressive
example: If you miss two consecutive classes in a row, the instructor will drop you from the class.
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22. HERITAGE: Property that descends(go down) to an heir(inheritor).
synonyms: ancestry, lineage, tradition
example: It can be exciting to explore our heritage and see where our ancestors came from.
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23. PERVASIVE: Spreading widely throughout an area.
synonyms: prevalent, widespread, ubiquitous
example: In many cities, police corruption is a pervasive issue that touches all communities.
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24. ACKNOWLEDGE: To admit to being real, or true.
synonyms: recognize, admit, take into account
example: We have to acknowledge that something is wrong with out ecological system.
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25. AESTHETIC: Relating to art or beauty.
synonyms: artistic, ornamental, good-looking
example: The company has proved enormously successful in both commercial and aesthetic terms.
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26. BIASED: Preferring someone or something unfairly.
synonyms: prejudiced, partisan, discriminatory
example: It is true that most newspapers are biased towards one particular political party.
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27. CONCURRENT: Existing simultaneously, or side by side.
synonyms: coincident, coexisting, simultaneous
example: The criminal was imprisoned for two concurrent terms of 30 months and 18 months.
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28. DEVIATION(TURNING ASIDE): Departure from the standard, or custom.
synonyms: digression, alteration, divergence
example: Normally birds fly south for the winter, but there is a deviation from their usual routine.
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29. DEPICTION(REPRESENTATION): A representation in images or words.
synonyms: portrayal, interpretation, description
example: She is a successful artist, painting beautifully detailed miniatures(very small of its kind) and depictions of local life.
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30. EXEMPTION: Permission to ignore rules or obligation.
synonyms: freedom, release, exoneration
example: He was exempt from physical education requirements because of his health problems.
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31. FACILITATE: To make something possible or easier.
synonyms: mediate, support, empower
example: The translator will facilitate the conversation between the immigrant and the attorney.
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32. GENRE: A specific type of film, music or writing.
synonyms: category, classification, department(division)
example: Rock was her favorite genre of music, but she also had secret love for country.
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33. LEGITIMATE: To make something legal or acceptable.
synonyms: lawful, justifiable, sanctioned
example: Most doctors appear to recognize homeopathy as a legitimate form of medicine.
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34. PRIVILEGED: Special benefits only available to some people.
synonyms: advantage, benefit, prerogative
example: Only the privileged few could afford to send their children to private schools.
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35. SCRUTINIZE: Inspect closely and thoroughly.
synonyms: examine, inspect, investigate
example: Before you purchase an expensive item, make sure you scrutinize it for any defects.

Day 2

36. TENTATIVE: Pertaining(refer to) to a trial, not certain.
synonyms: hesitant, uncertain, doubtful
example: Without the result of blood test, the doctor could only make a tentative diagnosis.
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37. UNANIMOUS: A complete or absolute agreement.
synonyms: congenial, concordant, like-minded
example: Because the jury could not reach a unanimous decision, the case will be revised.
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38. ABANDONED: Left without care and protection.
synonyms: deserted, discarded, uninhibited
example: The game was abandoned at half-time because of the poor weather conditions.
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39. DYSFUNCTION: Not operating normally or properly.
synonyms: malfunction, abnormality, aberration
example: Treating the man's sexual dysfunction required medication as well as psychotherapy.
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40. EMERGING: Just beginning to exist or be noticed.
synonyms: growing, promising, developing
example: It is difficult to manage an emerging business and an emerging family at the same time.
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41. FRAMEWORK: A basic structure underlying a system.
synonyms: structure, arrangement, configuration
example: The government needs to establish a legal framework for the protection of the environment.
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42. INCORPORATE: Integrate a part into the whole.
synonyms: combine, amalgamate, integrate
example: The party vowed to incorporate environmental considerations into all its policies.
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43. METAPHORICAL: Something that is used symbolically.
synonyms: figurative, allegorical, denotative
example: There are many portraits in the museum; they have both metaphorical as well as literal meanings.
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44. PLAGIARIZE: To steal another person's idea or work.
synonyms: reproduce, replicate, duplicate
example: People often truly believe that the information they plagiarize was actually their own.
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45. PINPOINT: Locate or describe exactly or precisely.
synonyms: identify, recognize, spot
example: Emergency workers at the site are still unable to pinpoint the cause of the explosion.
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46. RECESSION: A prolonged(lengthy) downturn in the economy.
synonyms: downturn, stagnation, bust
example: The current recession has weakened so many firms that many can no longer survive.
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47. SOVEREIGN: Possessing supreme or ultimate power.
synonyms: independent, autonomous, self-ruling
example: Once I reach the legal age, I will be a sovereign individual and will have control over my own life.
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48. WITHSTAND: To stand or hold out against.
synonyms: cope with, endure, tolerate
example: The houses close to the coast were built so sturdily(physically strongly) that they can withstand the strongest storms.
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49. ABUSE: The improper use of something.
synonyms: bullying, maltreatment, exploitation
example: Millions of young men and women all over the world have fallen to prey of drug abuse.
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50. AGGRAVATE: To make bad situation worse.
synonyms: antagonize, exasperate, infuriate
example: Today, many emerging problems are aggravated by the pressures of modernization.
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51. COMMISSION: Authorize the production of something.
synonyms: authorize, designate, sanction
example: The government set up a commission to investigate allegations(proclaims) of police violence.
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52. CONVEY: Communicate ideas or feelings indirectly.
synonyms: disseminate, indicate, express
example: You need to be able to convey the subtle nuances of the meaning of your expression.
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53. COINCIDENCE: When two things happen at the same time.
synonyms: chance, concurrence, serendipity
example: It was mere coincidence that brought them together so far from two different nations.
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54. DISCRETIONARY: Left to individual choice or judgement.
synonyms: elective, optional, not required
example: Some students may be eligible for a discretionary grant for their university course.
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55. EXACERBATE: To make something worse.
synonyms: worsen, complicate, intensify
example: This attack will exacerbate the already tense relations between the two communities.
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56. EXPOSURE: The art of exposing(revealing), laying open, uncovering.
synonyms: revelation, disclosure, manifestation
example: There is a convincing evidence of a link between exposure to sun and skin cancer.
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57. INFERENCE: Process of reaching a conclusion.
synonyms: deduction, determination, conclusion
example: When you are reading, you can make inference based on the information the author provides.
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58. INHERENT: Existing as a natural and permanent way.
synonyms: intrinsic, immanent, natural
example: Everyone know jumping out of an airplane is an activity that comes with inherent risk.
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59. PRESSING: Urgent or needing to be dealt immediately.
synonyms: imperative, critical, compelling
example: Online harassment has become one of the pressing issues in our society.
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60. PRAGMATIC: Dealing with things sensibly or realistically.
synonyms: practical, realistic, reasonable
example: The scientist had a pragmatic way to deal with freshwater crisis.
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61. REINFORCE: To make something stronger.
synonyms: consolidate, buttress, strengthen
example: Until the construction was complete, the extra scaffolding(temporary structure) was erected(put together) to reinforce the façade.
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62. SUCCINCT: Very brief(short or quick) in statement or expression.
synonyms: concise, compact, abbreviated
example: The book gives very succinct account of archeology and its history.
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63. VIOLATION: The action of violating someone or something.
synonyms: trespass, lawbreaking, breach
example: Amnesty International opposes the death penalty as a violation of the right to life.
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64. ADHERE: To attach firmly(strongly and tightly) to something usually.
synonyms: follow, maintain, comply(act in accordance) with
example: We adhere to the principles of equal rights and freedom of expression for all.
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65. CONNOTATION: Something suggested by a word or thing.
synonyms: undertone, citation(quote reference), indication
example: A good dictionary will give us the connotation of the word as well as its meaning .
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66. DISCRIMINATION: Distinguishing between two or more people or things.
synonyms: prejudice, unfairness, favoritism
example: People think that the research understates the amount of discrimination women suffer.
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67. EMPIRICAL: Derived from observation or experiment.
synonyms: observational, experimental, practical
example: Without a doubt, the DNA test will provide empirical confirmation of the suspect's identify.
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68. ERADICATE: The complete destruction of something.
synonyms: elimination, destruction, annihilation
example: The eradication of smallpox by vaccination was one of medicine's greatest triumphs(achievement).
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69. FORMULATE: Putting together different parts.
synonyms: originate, compose, construct
example: A successful business is started when you formulate a strategy for making money.
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70. MOMENTUM: Speed of an object in motion.
synonyms: energy, propulsion velocity
example: The campaign has been gaining momentum ever since the television appeal.

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