Krýsuvík Volcanic System Is Awakening, Iceland Fagradalsfjall Sundhnúka Grindavik Fissure Eruption

The volcanic system of Krýsuvík (or Krísuvík, both pronounced [ˈkʰriːsʏˌviːk] in Icelandic), also Krýsuvík-Trölladyngja [ˈtʰrœtlaˌtiɲca] volcanic system, is situated in the southwest of Iceland on the Reykjanes peninsula. It is located in the middle of Reykjanes and on the divergent plate boundary of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge which traverses Iceland. It was named after the Krýsuvík area which is part of it and consists of a fissure system without a central Volcano. However, there are some indications—namely, the discovery by geophysical methods of what scientists interpret as a buried caldera, combined with the well-known, vigorous hydrothermal system above it—that an embryonic central magma chamber may already exist or be actively developing.

The volcanic system has a length of 55 km, a width of around 13 km, covers an area of 350 km2, and its highest elevation is 393 m. It is one of 4 (or up to 7, depending on the source) volcanic systems situated within the Reykjanes Volcanic Belt. The volcanic systems are arranged en echelon and in a certain angle (20–45°) to the rift zone of the divergent plate boundary traversing Reykjanes. The Krýsuvík fires were a period of volcanic activity which started in the middle of the 12th century, probably in 1151 and written sources indicate that they ended in 1188. The activity of Pleistocene shield volcanoes such as Þráinskjöldur [ˈθrauːɪnˌscœltʏr̥] and Hrútagjá [ˈr̥uːtaˌcauː], as well as of tuyas like Fagradalsfjall within the volcanic system, is seen as separate from the fissure system, although the bigger volcanoes control parts of the topography.

Ármann Höskuldsson, professor of volcanology at the University of Iceland, says quite clearly that the Krýsuvíkur system, another volcano system on the Reykjanes Peninsula, has recently given signs that it is starting to work.

From that system flowed the only lava that has approached the capital region in historical time, but it extends all the way into the capital region's suburbs, and bursts along with the volcanic eruptions could also result in damage to infrastructure.

An eruption in the northern part of the system could also send lava towards settlements in Hafnar fjörður and Garðabær.

"The rise and fall has been measured inside Móhálsadal and in this area. The system is clearly getting ready," says Ármann in Dagmál today. Landris indicates that magma is entering the system.

The question is when?

"Naturally, it's only clear, given how we know the Reykjanes, that it will start." The only question is when. Will it come quickly or will it come in 40 years or 100 years? Do we get to live it or do some others get to live it?" says Ármann.

Can the activity we are seeing now help the Krýsuvík system start?

"Yes. There has been a lot of movement in the Krýsuvík system, there are a lot of earthquakes there. There are small movements in the Bláfjalla system and Hengilinn, and they are mostly west of the Bláfjölls," says Ármann.

"Now everything is up and running"

Just over a week has passed since lava flowed into Grindavíkurbær. "We knew when Reykjanesíð was built up and all these urban centers around it that they were building in a volcanic area. To begin with, people did not have any great knowledge about this and did not stress about these things. Now everything is up and running and then we need to think about what we are doing and how we want the settlement to be. And how are we going to make the settlement withstand the onslaught when it starts to erupt and the lava starts coming," says Ármann.

In his opinion, all municipalities in the capital area, the Reykjanes Peninsula and the South need to review their planning plans. It is okay to plan in an area that can be defined as a risk area, but then countermeasures must be in place.

"People need to know in themselves what the danger is." When we are in this situation," says Ármann. "It can't be like that that you sit outside in the garden and wait for lava to come to the garden. Then you have some plans to stop it."



https://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2024/01/23/krysuvikurkerfid_vaknar_til_lifsins/

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