Gibbs Free Energy

وين الوزاريات

I just want to know what free energy is! No one explains that. This just explains the individual components and what happens when G is positive, negative, and 0, but it doesn't explain the concept of free energy. Like, is it leftover energy? Why do we say it's the energy available to do work? When I think about work, I think about W = FDcos(theta), is that the case here or does work mean something different in the context of chemistry? Can I think of "work" as energy that proceeds the reaction forward? I am so confused on what G is. I know the units are kJ and that's it.

shouldn't enthalpy be unchanged???

13 years later my guy is still helping me learn AP Bio. What a guy.

Thank u sir, great explanation on many aspects of energy.

Fantastic presentation!

I don't understand, how the total energy of the system (H) can decrease. That breaks the first law of thermodynamics. The total energy should include both the potential energy and the kinetic energy, but you completely disregard the kinetic energy

Thank you, thank you, thank you. Out of many texts and videos, this the first time I understand it. The problem, indeed is the use of "free". Because it is wrong! The cost is that the energy had to be put in, in the first place.

This is so helpful thank you

Thanks a lot for the nice video, this is a masterpiece :)

legend

Sir, but isn't the total energy conserved always at every point of the motion of the ball when it slides down, according to the kinematics laws in physics? How can we say the total energy decreases when it reaches the bottom of the slide, because even though the potential energy decreases, the kinetic energy increases right?

Extremely well done! First time I have really understood this!

Alright, imagine throwing a party. Gibbs free energy is like a party budget. If the budget is negative, it means your party is happening spontaneously – people are excited and things are happening on their own. If it's positive, you might need to put in some effort (add energy) to get the party started. If it's zero, the party is in a balanced state. So, in chemistry, a negative Gibbs free energy means a reaction can occur on its own, while a positive value may need a push, like adding heat or other energy. It's all about the energy dance at the molecular party!

this is my last time I'm ever taking an ap bio class but thanks for the vid!

The total energy of the system does not change. The reduced potential energy is converted to kinetic and thermal energies and the total energy is conserved. Basic physics.

The meaning of free in Gibbs free energy or why Gibbs free energy is called usedul work is that: let us consider a system in which a exothermic reaction is taking place at temp T=300k let us take the energy liberated from the reaction to be 100J.(i.e ∆Hrxn =-100J) out of this 100J liberated enegy some minimum energy goes to the surrounding for reaction to become spontaneous which is equal to T∆Srxn(let T∆S here be=12J) then the enrgy which remain available is 88J (∆H -T∆S) This enrgy is the maximum free enrgy able to be utilised however we can't derive maximum free energy, because maximum free energy is an idealisation....

Thank you so much

⚠ energy is not stored in bonds. Breaking bonds require energy and making bonds releases energy
common misconception
btw really thanku paul

THANK YOU

Dear Paul + your esteemed audience,

First of all, many sincere thanks for your collective efforts!

You attempt to explain Gibbs Free Energy. You begin by using three spontaneous reactions to explain how a change in enthalpy, entropy and temperature can affect the free energy of a system. You then apply this concept to cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

...sounds terrific, but even big scientific research workers' brains had and still have to stumble herewith...

In fact, Prof. Gibbs had learned what ENTROPY exactly IS while attending chemical thermodynamics lectures by Prof. Horstmann in Heidelberg, whereas Prof. Horstmann was one of the very students of Prof. Clausius.

Prof. Gibbs was duly heading for the proper embodiment of the Clausius-Horstmann ideas (in fact, Carnot-Clausius-Horstmann ideas, to be correct!), but he had not enough time for accomplishing this, to our sincere regret...

Dr. George Augustus Linhart was one of the very rare true followers to Prof. Gibbs, but he had very bad luck...

...It's a truly long and interesting story - hence, some kind of a concise clarification ought to be urgently necessary!

So, captain, AHOY!

A. There is ONLY ONE BASIC, fundamental Energy Conservation and Transformation Law. It is definitely unique and conceptually indivisible delivering two logically joint concepts - these are Energy Conservation - and Energy Transformation. Still, a more-then-100-years-old conceptual failure has brought us to two separate thermodynamic laws - but this has nothing in common with the actual physics. To come back, they have coined two more fake thermodynamic laws, employed the Probability Theory + Mathematical Statistics, and this has helped formulate the Quantum Mechanics, which is thus a basically metaphysical conceptual construction - and, hence, ought to be only restrictedly fruitful.

B. By dividing the basically indivisible law, you are touching Combinatorics, you are touching Probability Theory, you are even stepping back to Thermodynamics for a while, but...

You are NOT answering the poser: WHAT IS ENTROPY, sorry!

1. In the formula S = kB * ln(Ω) you do imply, Ω means not a "Huge Number of Microstates", not "Probability", which numerically ranges between [0,1], not even "Wavefunction", which ought to be a purely metaphysical notion, as it is... In effect, Ω ought to be a simplistic algebraic function of Lord Kelvin's Absolute Temperature. This result has been published 100 years ago in JACS by Dr. George Augustus Linhart.

2. WHAT-ENTROPY-IS-poser has been answered not by Clausius, not by Boltzmann, etc., but by Goethe, who has introduced Mephistopheles, the philosophical embodiment of ENTROPY.

3. Newton did basically know WHAT ENTROPY IS - A Counteraction.

4. That Counteractions do not grow to infinity with the growing Actions, but MUST reach their MAXIMUM values, is the result by Nicky Carnot, which has been formalized by Clausius...

5. In effect, J. W. Gibbs Free Energy formula:

(ΔG = U + pV - TS, .i.e.,
ΔG = H - TS, where

U is the internal energy (SI unit: joule),
p is pressure (SI unit: pascal),
V is volume (SI unit: m3 = m*m*m),
T is the temperature (SI unit: kelvin),
S is the entropy (SI unit: joule per kelvin),
H is the enthalpy (SI unit: joule))

renders implicit the interplay among ALL the relevant Actions (the Enthalpic term) and ALL the pertinent Counteractions (the Entropic term).

6. The standard approach you are reporting about is OK for the implicit Enthalpy-Entropy picture, employing it, e.g., for studying reaction mechanism details is likewise eating soup with a fork.

The above is about "Entropy" in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, etc., etc., etc. ...

Entropy in other fields:
Be aware of a powerful trend to build up misnomers in many other fields, for Entropy is the proper term solely for the "Energy Transformation", whatever nature/origin this energy might be of.

The Arrow of Time: This is not due solely to Entropy, but owing to Eternal Entropy-Enthalpy Compensation. This is why, the Heat Death morons are proclaiming over and over again ought to be just a useless legacy.

Real teacher are like u who understands well as well how to teach it well⭐

I cant believe this is 11 years old, I wish I had saw Mr Andersons videos a long time ago. He is awesome.

Great work ! Love the addition of natural world examples to Gibbs.

Thank you so much! God bless you

APPRECIATION POST:
HONESTLY THIS GUY CLEARED ALL THE DOUBT, CONFUSION AND BOREDOM I HAVE ABOUT GIBBS FREE ENERGY.

great.thanks

Lets find out time and the traveling of space and time

Free energy is using all your available energy in a closed system the closed system is this Earth and using all the natural power that it's not being harnessed we're using everything that we have to try to communicate with each other all completely wrong lets brainstorm

Thank you so much!!

Thanks sir for given me of yore good mileage to this program thanks

your lectures are always helpful

Thank you SO much

Really good explanation, thank you!

Still not clear to me what the difference is between enthalpy and Gibbs free energy. Does it have to do with something else I'm not seeing? It seems that the potential energy of the system is also the "available energy" of the system. The only difference is that Gibbs captures more than just potential energy and the amount of Temperature and Entropy in the system decreases Gibbs.
So in that way Gibbs free energy would be the Enthalpy or total energy of the system minus its entropy and temperature, which are two variables that behave in a way that makes it difficult to the system to actually have those "available" which makes sense, the more entropy you have in a system, the less available that energy is ex: a burning wood would have more entropy but still the same energy in a closed system as a non burning wood, so that available energy has transformed into entropy and temperature. (Is this correct?)

(By AMA) To whom it may concern.
The Key to making an over unity Electric generator work is mechanical advantage. In this case the mechanical advantage is achieved by getting the electric motor that is spinning to be able to spin a quantity of separate discs that are connected to devices that generate electrical current to generate more current then the electric motor needs to spin. One of the ways to achieve this without violating the laws of thermo dynamics is to exploit magnetic field effects. To do this you place the magnets on the disc that the electric motor is spinning in a way that makes it so while the disc is spinning around the magnetic fields are slamming upwards onto the edge of the other discs forcing them to spin, thereby generating electric current. In this way, the magnetic fields will be forced to do work that the electric motor wont be doing. This is how it's possible to achieve an Over Unity Electric generator & with this technology we can free ourselves from the use of gas. By AMA

THANK YOU!!!

legend

I just want to say that GOD LITERALLY BLESS YOU. I had a rough time understanding this conceopt

thank you :) <3

you’re amazing. thank you 🙏

Apple .

Wow thank you so much!

Loved your explanation

Woooow the lesson is amazing... learning this is simply a spontaneous process

You suceeded! Best explaination of gibbs " free" energy i've ever seen!!!

This really helped me out!!!

I especially like the part of this video that you explained enthalpy and free energy as total energy and available energy to work, respectively. It’s easier for me to understand those things. Thank you.

This explanation is very interesting and fun for me and it’s very helpful because it’s a little difficult to find some applications in nature except examples of some mechanical systems although I learned Gibbs free energy in thermodynamics in physics.
Thank you for uploading this video.