Israel vs Iran vs Saudi Arabia vs Turkey - Country Comparison 2025

Israel vs. Iran vs. Saudi Arabia vs. Turkey—Country Comparison: Based on Area, Economy, Military, Government, Culture, Population, Gender Ratio, Literacy Rate, Export, Import, Tourism, Olympics Medals, etc.

Israel:
Israel is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea, and shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan to the east, and Egypt to the southwest; it is also bordered by the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively. Tel Aviv is the economic and technological center of the country, while its seat of government is in its proclaimed capital of Jerusalem.

Iran:
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, also called Persia, is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan to the north, by Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, and by the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.

Iran–Israel conflict:
In 2024, the Iran–Israel proxy conflict escalated to a series of direct confrontations between the two countries. On 1 April, Israel bombed an Iranian consulate complex in Damascus, Syria, killing multiple senior Iranian officials. In response, Iran and its Axis of Resistance allies seized the Israeli-linked ship MSC Aries and launched strikes inside Israel on 13 April. Israel then carried out retaliatory strikes in Iran and Syria on 19 April. After the Iranian Revolution in 1979, the Government of Iran took a more critical stance on Israel, and a proxy war emerged as Iran supported Lebanese Shia and Palestinian militants during the 1982 Lebanon War.

Saudi Arabia:
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in Western Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula and has a land area of about 2,150,000 km2, making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second largest in the Arab world, and the largest in Western Asia and the Middle East. It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west; Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north; the Persian Gulf, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates to the east; Oman to the southeast; and Yemen to the south.

Israel–Saudi Arabia relations:
The State of Israel and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have never had formal diplomatic relations. In 1947, Saudi Arabia voted against the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine and currently does not recognize Israeli sovereignty. During the main phase of the Arab–Israeli conflict, Saudi Arabia supported the Arab League against Israel. Likewise, the official Saudi policy towards the Israeli–Palestinian conflict has been supportive of the Palestinian Arabs. Warming relations between the two sides are a direct result of the unofficial Arab–Israeli alliance, which came to fruition in light of the Iran–Israel proxy conflict and the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict.

Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict:
Iran and Saudi Arabia are engaged in a proxy conflict over influence in the Middle East and other regions of the Muslim world. The two countries have provided varying degrees of support to opposing sides in nearby conflicts, including the civil wars in Syria and Yemen; and disputes in Bahrain, Lebanon, Qatar, and Iraq. In what has been described as a new cold war.

Turkey:
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It shares borders with the Black Sea to the north; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq to the southeast; Syria and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest.

The Shadow War between Turkey and Israel:
In the aftermath of the October 7 terrorist attack by Hamas, Israel invaded the Gaza Strip to degrade the capabilities of the militant group. The war is enshrined in controversy and diverse types of polarization in the Middle East and North Africa, which the Turkish government has taken advantage of. The ruling AKP party, headed by President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, boasts a pro-Islamist and neo-Ottoman ideology that promotes close relations with Hamas and Qatar.
During the war, the Turkish government has come under fire for its moral support of Hamas. Simultaneously, Turkey is leading the charge in condemning Israel’s conduct during the war, joining the ongoing International Court of Justice case against the latter, breaking off trade relations, and threatening direct action if Israel invaded Lebanon, which never came to pass.

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