Biocontrol Antifungal Agent Potential of Bacillus subtilis SCB-1 for Fungal Phytopathogens

**Seminar in Zoology I
Biocontrol Antifungal Agent Potential of Bacillus subtilis SCB-1 for Fungal Phytopathogens

Ms.Nabila Anindya Salma-6200022823
Advisor : Dr. Krieng Kanchanawatee.

Abstract
The chemical fungicides are used to combat fungal infections. Farmers rely on resistant crop varieties or multiple fungicide treatments, thereby resulting in environmental hazards that affect soil organisms and the crucial functions these organisms are responsible for. Therefore, the use of antagonistic microbes in biological control considered as an efficient control of the plant pathogens which is harmless to the environment. Endophytic bacteria serve crucial roles in disease management and plant health. The bacteria shows antagonistic potential against fungal pathogens. In this study, seven endophytic bacteria isolated screened for its antifungal activity against ten fungal isolates from sugarcane leaves. Among the seven bacterial isolates, only one isolate SCB-1 showed potent antagonistic activity against the tested fungi. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, isolate SCB-1 was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The bacterial isolate was tested negative for chitinase activity, but methanol and chloroform extracts showed significant inhibition on the growth of fungal isolates. Volatile component assay showed the highest inhibition activity against Saccharicola bicolor (SC1.4). A PCR-based study showed presence of five tested genes in biosynthesis of surfactin, macrolactins, baccilaene, difficidin, and fengycin. Mass spectrometric analysis of bacterial extract only showed the presence of antifungal lipopeptide surfactin C-15. The biocontrol activity showed that the treated mung been seeds with isolate SCB-1 able to resist the fungal isolate infection, while the untreated seeds failed to germinate. The potent antifungal compound lipopeptides produced by the bacterial isolate could be responsible for its biocontrol activity against fungal phytopathogens.

References :
Kuzniar, A. Wlodarczyk, A. and Wolinska, A. 2019. Agricultural and Other Biotechnological Applications Resulting from Trophic Plant-Endophyte Interactions. Agronomy. 9: 779.
Wightwick, A.M., Salzman, S.A., Reichman, S.M., Allinson, G. and Menzies, N.W. 2013. Effect of Copper Fungicide Residues on the Microbial Function of Vineyard Soils. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 20:1574-1585.

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