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because the pixels have to be large for small noise. a 12mp its better of 48mp, change hobby

RIP Thank you for unselfishly sharing your knowledge and passion with the rest of us. Rest easy, may you always have clear skies..

It’s worth getting A7IV more than A7III because of flip screen. Being a landscape photographer in both day and night, not having flip screen is such a pain in the arse.

Wow Alyn, that was a wonderfully elegant way to describe a complex subject. Thank you.

So really increased Iso doesn't add noise to an image, Iso trades dynamic range for brightness/gain. Noise depends entirely on SNR, which is dependent on how much light is gathered during the exposure. Which is why stacked images work better, because your increasing the signal. So when people tell you ISO controls the amount of noise in the image, the reality is noise is controlled by aperture and shutter speed. Iso is more of an instruction to your aperture or shutter to under expose the sensor because it will make it up with gain.
I hear so many people say Iso increases the sensitivity of a camera, which makes no sense because increased Iso has less dynamic range making your camera less sensitive(precise) to subtle changes in brightness.

I recently upgraded from a Canon 7D Mark II to a R6 Mark II, and while the overall image noise is much better on the new camera, I’ve found the R6 to have a much bigger hit pixel problem at long shutter speeds. What have you found regarding hot pixels and the newer cameras vs older ones?

Dear Alyn are you planing to translate your book in different languages, for example German? Regards

What are the main differences between a7II , a6400 and a7III? I dont know which one to buy.. For astrophotography

What are the main differences between a7II , a6400 and a7III? I dont know which one to buy.. For astrophotography

Great video! Choosing a camera is over complicated.

Nefis

Once you go starry sky Autofocus, you wont go back to fumbling in the dark with FF electronic 'manual' focus. Cameras still need improving by a lot, dxo software can fix the rest.

Watch out folks, there's a scammer replying to comments.

I've never been able to find an astro A7S1/2 comparison to the A7S3. Or an astro modded A7S1/2 Vs the A7S3.

Very good explanation of SNR. I've seen a lot of videos about it but you put it in a way I've never heard before. I have a Nikon z6 II and I mostly use my 20mm f/1.8. They only way my photos are going to improve its by buying a star tracker. I do use adequate to help reduce noise. I have Denoise AI that helps. I was planning on getting a star tracker last spring but I didn't. Maybe next year will be the year.

This is a very good video 😀🙏🏼 so informative 🤩🤩

promosm ✨

Great explanation. Thank you.

There's always something to be learned from you. Predominantly shooting from my bortle 9-8 backyard kinda forces short exposures (right?). I have one full frame Canon 5 D MK IV, 2 crop sensor Canons. REBEL T7i is astromoded. Canon's have a problem with ISO invariace, from information Peter Zelinka mentioned, and my own research. I'm giving some thought to a dedicated astro camera. This starts to get confusing. Where's the sweet spot? Am I better off with a lower resolution crop sensor. All this stuff I've read elsewhere confuses the heck out of me.

Bla

Nice video for everyone out there. Thank you
Ashvn

While it is kinda true that noise performance per se isnt really improving, sensors overall improve. 60MP Sony sensor is on par with 12MP sensor. Real difference is the area on which you compare. Im pretty sure that timelapses look quite same when you are sample both A7SIII and A7rV to 8MP. Overall landscape astrophotograhpy differences lie more in the dynamic range rather than simplified noise comparison. Some cameras perform really bad on lower stops of the DR, some are better. Then also comes in thermal noise which is different on different cameras. Cameras may share the same sensor but thermal noise isnt identical because it all comes down to different designs. Some bodies dissipate heat better, some are really prone to thermal noise in long exposures. My Fp and S1R have pretty much identical noise performance even though S1R high-res. But S1R has more thermal noise and is more prone to it. Fp has a heatsink and tolerates more. In 30C summer heat, Fp outperforms S1R. In -30C winter cold, both are the same. While A7III may be a good camera and there may not be any noise differences compared to A7IV, some other aspects might be improved which overall provide better performance? Looking at charts and data do not do justice to any camera. Real SNR depends on more factors and isnt really dependent on the resolution. Get out, try and compare them in different real world scenarios. Maybe newer camera improved shadow area DR? Maybe newer sensor improved color performance? Maybe newer camera improved thermals?

Send the raws through DXO Pure Raw 2 and your DNG files will be noise free.

Decided to send my Nikon Z6ii out to Spencer's Camera after talking with Clarence on Wednesday (and thanks to your great explanation about mod types in this video). Used your promo code above as well as the free shipping back promo code he told me about while on the phone ($62 US saved, thanks for saving me $30 of that!). They got my camera Friday morning, and it was already in the mail headed back that afternoon! You weren't kidding with your promo code's discount plus priority service! I did the visible + H-alpha mod, removing the AA Filter, reinstalling the dust reduction system and installing the heat reduction system. So excited to try it out! I mainly use that camera for Milky Way photography, but I also do some deep sky imaging with it through a Redcat 51. Clear skies and happy holidays!

Thank you so much for another video that was easily understood by even an old lady and astrophotography beginner like me!

Fantastic video, thanks!

Thanks for interesting info simplified enough. But anyway should I upgrade to A7iii from A7sii? I know i will gain a lot during daytime (AF performance, newer processor, faster scrolling, etc.), but will I loose a lot in the night? Or should I think of making two steps forward approach looking for A7iv?

Awesome video, very informative

Hi mate great content, I’ve been a hobbiest photographer for years but am being drawn into astrophotography and your channel is the main driver!!!! Would you recommend full frame or aps-c for an all around astrophotography.
Thanks

I am a terrestrial landscape photographer. Over the last twenty years I have been calmly telling all my foto-pals that the real advances with digital capture are to be found amongst dedicated astrophotographers. I was right.

One of the best, simplified explanations of noise I have seen. Nice job explaining.

This is why I quit jumping on the band wagon every time these camera companies come out with a new camera. How many megapixels do you really need? No surprise they aren't improving noise. There isn't a camera or lens being sold today that is worth what these camera companies are charging.

Thanks so much for this video, you explanation are cristal clear.
I still have two questions:
1/ Doesn’t aperture count a lot when using a telescope?
2/ What about stacked sensor, does this technology be better or worst about noise?

Enjoyed as always your pictures and comments ect. I was wondering i live in Florida USA and plan on going to one of our dark sky places in earlier April. I currently have Sony A7Riii with a 20mm f2.8. Would it make a huge difference in getting and using a wide lenses of lets say f1.8 or even a 2.0 instead for my milky way shots.? thanks

Great video Alyn. Very impressive & very clear 👏🏽👏🏽👍🏽👍🏽

Enjoy Switzerland ! Go and take a look at "Le creux du Van" its far better than math ^^

Thank you for sharing your knowledge with us. I really like this in-depth nerdy stuff that combines math and physics with photography. Awesome video Alyn! 👏

My upgrade is also going to be a downgrade, age wise it's a downgrade with me having a 4 yr old 200d and looking at going to a 6d which is 10 yrs old but the upgrade is ff sensor and pp of 6.6 compared to cs and pp of 3.7. It's of course budget driven before people say why not go to the new R mount and tbh even a 5dmk4 is out of my budget, I can get a good secondhand 6d and 2 good secondhand lenses for less than a 5dmk4 body let alone an R5 or 6 etc.

Okay, this video cleared up (ha!) my understanding of why I'm getting a lot of noise in my foregrounds. Thanks!

Thank you. Nico Carver's video on SNR is very good, but your explanation of the two types of noise and why newer isn't necessarily better helps to clarify things that much more. I love the images I'm getting from my 10 year old camera, but I am wanting to upgrade, but only for the better features offered by newer cameras. Adam Woodworth's book was the first place I read information on the "sweet spot" for image resolution for nighttime photography, so I'm more than happy to buy a gently used mirrorless in the 20-30 MP range.

Dude you are awesome. Excellent explanation and delivery of everything in this video. Like that rain bucket analogy is perfect. You make this nitty gritty technical stuff super easy and your delivery of this content is enjoyable to understand.

I learn so much from your videos!

This and your ISO Invariance presentations on the different models of the Sony models should be a first view of any new or old Astro Milky Way photographer! Today's SW is so good noise is no worry. Going from A7S to A7iii was scary with more pixels but turned out great with ISO Invariance but the cream on top was bright monitoring that was also in the Mod 2's (no one ever mentions in reviews).

Another great video! One thing I want to point out is when you mentioned the a7iii vs a7iv read noise comparison, you didn't mention the considerable difference between the size of pixels of the two sensors. I'm not a subject matter expert with this, but it would seem to me that having a similar read noise between the two sensors despite the significant difference in pixel size makes the IV a significant improvement over the III?

Great video Alyn! I really enjoy these technical videos and would love to see more. I'm constantly inspired by you and your amazing images, so keep up the great work!

I received your book and I am working my way through the noise section. A lot of info 🤯 but I have learned a lot

I upgraded my A7III for the A7IV and was very happy shooting the aurora with it in Iceland. Was good to see that the A7IV does have similar noise results to the A7III when taking into account the A7IV is 9 megapixels higher 🙂

Is Photons to photos chart really comparable. Page itself states: "These raw values are not appropriate for comparing camera models because they are not adjusted for area."